A photopaper?based low?cost, wideband wearable antenna for wireless body area network applications

This study presents a low-cost, compact, flexible, and wideband wearable antenna for different wireless body area network (WBAN) band applications, covering medical of 2.4 GHz, industrial, scientific, 2.45 WiMAX 3.5 local 5.2 GHz. The final topology is obtained by hexagonal microstrip radiator patch fabricated on commercially available low-cost photo paper substrate defected ground plane below the feed line acting as partial to achieve conformable structure operation. overall size 30 × 40 mm2 yields wide-bandwidth 3 GHz (2.30–5.30 GHz), radiation efficiency 84.35%, highest gain 3.48 dBi at centre frequency minimum 1.91 Furthermore, our detailed numerical experimental investigations involving specific absorption rate performance assessment bending analysis revealed proposed design's excellent robustness both human loading structural deformation scenarios. Therefore, simulated measured results strongly advocate that design has profound implications flexible body-worn devices in WBAN applications.